Using The Graphic Organizer Below, Write The Steps In Summarizing.
Using the graphic organizer below, write the steps in summarizing.
Answer:
A summary is a shortened version of a text. It contains the main points in the text and is written in your own words. It is a mixture of reducing a long text to a short text and selecting relevant information. A good summary shows that you have understood the text.
1. Read and understand the text carefully.
2. Think about the purpose of the text.
a. Ask what the author’s purpose is in writing the text?
b. What is your purpose in writing your summary?
c. Are you summarising to support your points?
d. Or are you summarising so you can criticise the work before you introduce your main points?
3. Select the relevant information. This depends on your purpose.
4. Find the main ideas – what is important.
a. They may be found in topic sentences.
b. Distinguish between main and subsidiary information.
c. Delete most details and examples, unimportant information, anecdotes, examples, illustrations, data etc.
d. Find alternative words/synonyms for these words/phrases – do not change specialised vocabulary and common words.
5. Change the structure of the text.
a. Identify the meaning relationships between the words/ideas – e.g. cause/effect, generalisation, contrast. Look at Paragraphs: Signalling for more information. Express these relationships in a different way.
b. Change the grammar of the text: rearrange words and sentences, change nouns to verbs, adjectives to adverbs, etc., break up long sentences, combine short sentences.
c. Simplify the text. Reduce complex sentences to simple sentences, simple sentences to phrases, phrases to single words.
6. Rewrite the main ideas in complete sentences. Combine your notes into a piece of continuous writing. Use conjunctions and adverbs such as ‘therefore’, ‘however’, ‘although’, ‘since’, to show the connections between the ideas.
7. Check your work.
a. Make sure your purpose is clear.
b. Make sure the meaning is the same.
c. Make sure the style is your own.
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